Scientific Paper 4: Running Head: The Translational Metaphor Speakers: Lewis Allen Kirshner The translational metaphor in psychoanalysis refers to the traditional method of restating or interpreting verbal and behavioral information in psychodynamic or developmental language that presumably explains presenting symptoms. The clinical phenomenology is translated by the analyst to convey its true meaning and origin. More recent concepts of symbolization and mentalization, which relate to the fundamental process of transforming unconscious contents into new forms of expression, introduce another avenue of therapeutic action. The paper presents an historical overview with clinical illustrations | 
